Alternative explanation asserting that world events and phenomena are the result of secret manipulation by powerful groups. It favors intuition and belief over scientific evidence, and is characterized by a distrust of institutions, a simplification of reality and an absence of solid evidence. Conspiracy theories exploit cognitive biases, such as confirmation bias, the Dunning-Kruger effect and the need for consistency. By reinforcing pre-existing beliefs and offering simple explanations, they satisfy a deep-seated need to make sense of the world[i].
[i] Comparative Analysis of Conspiracy Theories (COMPACT). (2020), « Guide des théories du complot ». European cooperation in Science and Technology (ECOST). https://conspiracytheories.eu/_wpx/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/COMPACT_Guide-French__.pdf